Injection

 

Ground injection is a method applied by injecting a fluid mortar that hardens over time into the ground or cracked rock with pressure. It is widely used in grouting application to improve soil properties, reinforce foundation, reduce settlement and deformation, especially in cracked rock and granular soils. In addition, ground injection is applied in order to ensure impermeability in dams and to connect the structure with the natural ground in tunnels. In this way, by ensuring the clamping of the ground grains with each other, the impermeability of the environment is reduced and the slip resistance is increased.

The injection technique was initially applied in the mining industry and in the creation of impermeability curtains in dam foundations to prevent water leaks and strength control. Later, in civil engineering, by reducing the permeability of the ground under the foundations of water structures such as dams, to control leaks and water losses in the dam lake, to increase the sensitivity of the slope, to increase the shear strength of the ground and thus to reduce the deformation of the ground, to correct the inclined structures with different settlements, between the tunnel surface concrete and the rock It has been used in applications such as filling gaps, fixing anchors, preventing water from entering the excavation pit in deep excavations, reducing lateral stresses in deep excavations, preventing the flow of harmful fluids into the environment, increasing the bearing capacity of the piles, and reducing the risk of liquefaction.

In order to achieve a successful injection, the mixture type and injection technique should be selected well, considering the grain diameter distribution and void ratio of the soil. After determining the geotechnical properties of the ground to be injected, the injection type should also be determined according to the grain size ratio and the amount of space. While doing this, it is necessary to consider the physicochemical and superficial interactions between the injection material and the ground grains to be injected.